| PROCESI
POVRŠINSKE ZAŠTITE METALA I NJIHOV UTJECAJ NA EMISIJU U OKOLIŠ
Sažetak
Za površinsku zaštitu materijala od korozije primjenjuju se zaštitne prevlake,
npr. dekorativne prevlake, različite nemetalne, metalne prevlake i prevlake
boja, lakova. Zaštitno prevlačenje metala provodi se u nizu kemijskih
i elektrokemijskih procesa. U procesima predobrade materijala i skidanja
starih prevlaka koriste se abrazivna sredstva, nagrizajuće kiseline i
lužine. Svi ti procesi proizvode emisiju štetnih i opasnih tvari u okoliš,
u zrak i vodu i štetno djeluju na biljni, životinjski svijet kao i na
zdravlje ljudi. U svrhu smanjenja emisije i utjecaja opasnih tvari na
okoliš unaprjeđuju se tehnološki procesi zaštite materijala kao i obrada
otpadnih, onečišćenih medija (zrak, voda). Usklađivanje tehnoloških procesa
zaštite materijala u industrijskim pogonima s dozvoljenim emisijama prema
Zakonu o zaštiti okoliša kao i uvođenje sustava zaštite okoliša pridonosi
smanjenju onečišćenja okoliša i opasnosti za zdravlje ljudi.
Ključne riječi
metalne prevlake, okoliš, otpad, emisija u okoliš, otpadne vode, ionski
izmjenjivači
METAL FINISHING PROCESSES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON EMISSION TO ENVIRONMENT
Summary
For materials protection against corrosion the protective coatings are
applied i.e. decorative coatings, different non-metallic coatings, metallic
coatings, lacquer and paint coatings. Metal finishing is carried out in
a series of chemical and electrochemical processes. Abrasives, etching
acids and alkaline solutions are used in pre-treatment processes of materials
and stripping of old coatings. All those processes develop the emission
of hazardous and dangerous materials into environment, into air and water
and they affect the plant and animal world and human health. For the purpose
of decreasing the emission and influence of hazardous materials on environment,
the improvement of technological processes of materials protection and
treatment of waste polluted medium (air, water) is carried on. The coordination
of the technological processes of materials protection in industrial plants
with emissions permitted according to the Environmental Protection Law
and the implementation of the Environmental Management System contribute
to diminishing the environmental pollution and lowering the health risks.
Key words
metallic coatings, environment, waste, emission into environment, waste
water, ion exchangers
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